Diversity of the Pacific Ocean coral reef microbiome

Pierre Galand (1) , Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh (2) , Guillem Salazar (2) , Corentin Hochart (3, 1) , Nicolas Henry (4, 5) , Benjamin Hume (6) , Pedro Oliveira (7) , Aude Perdereau (8) , Karine Labadie (9, 10) , Caroline Belser (10, 11) , Emilie Boissin (12) , Sarah Romac (10, 5) , Julie Poulain (10, 9) , Guillaume Bourdin (13) , Guillaume Iwankow (12) , Clémentine Moulin (14) , Eric Armstrong (9, 10, 12) , David Paz-García , Maren Ziegler (15) , Sylvain Agostini (16) , Bernard Banaigs (12) , Emmanuel Boss , Chris Bowler (10, 17) , Colomban de Vargas , Éric Douville (18, 19) , Michel Flores , Didier Forcioli , Paola Furla , Eric Gilson , Fabien Lombard (20) , Stéphane Pesant , Stéphanie Reynaud , Olivier Thomas , Romain Troublé , Didier Zoccola , Christian Voolstra , Rebecca Vega Thurber , Shinichi Sunagawa , Patrick Wincker (9, 10) , Denis Allemand , Serge Planes

1 LECOB - Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques
2 D-BIOL - Department of Biology [ETH Zürich]
3 OOB - Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls
4 FR2424 - Fédération de recherche de Roscoff
5 SBR - Station biologique de Roscoff = Roscoff Marine Station
6 Universität Konstanz
7 JACOB - Institut de Biologie François JACOB
8 GENOSCOPE - Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry]
9 UMR 8030 - Génomique métabolique
10 GOSEE - Global Oceans Systems Ecology & Evolution - Tara Oceans
11 LBGB - Laboratoire de Bioinformatique pour la Génomique et la Biodiversité
12 CRIOBE - Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement
13 University of Maine
14 Fondation Tara Ocean
15 JLU - Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University
16 Shimoda Marine Research Center
17 IBENS - Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris
18 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
19 GEOTRAC - Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie
20 LOV - Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche

Abstract Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They support high biodiversity of multicellular organisms that strongly rely on associated microorganisms for health and nutrition. However, the extent of the coral reef microbiome diversity and its distribution at the oceanic basin-scale remains to be explored. Here, we systematically sampled 3 coral morphotypes, 2 fish species, and planktonic communities in 99 reefs from 32 islands across the Pacific Ocean, to assess reef microbiome composition and biogeography. We show a very large richness of reef microorganisms compared to other environments, which extrapolated to all fishes and corals of the Pacific, approximates the current estimated total prokaryotic diversity for the entire Earth. Microbial communities vary among and within the 3 animal biomes (coral, fish, plankton), and geographically. For corals, the cross-ocean patterns of diversity are different from those known for other multicellular organisms. Within each coral morphotype, community composition is always determined by geographic distance first, both at the island and across ocean scale, and then by environment. Our unprecedented sampling effort of coral reef microbiomes, as part of the Tara Pacific expedition, provides new insight into the global microbial diversity, the factors driving their distribution, and the biocomplexity of reef ecosystems.

Domaines: Sciences de l'environnement

Pierre Galand, Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh, Guillem Salazar, Corentin Hochart, Nicolas Henry, et al.. Diversity of the Pacific Ocean coral reef microbiome. Nature Communications, 2023, 14 (1), pp.3039. ⟨10.1038/s41467-023-38500-x⟩. ⟨hal-04176291⟩